The energy of the sun as the key to solving our energoproblem

Maria Grimalyuk.

By 2012, the cost of one thousand. cube. meters of natural gas could reach $ 400 - $ 500. , The cost of 1 kW / h of electricity - more than 1 USD. That prospect makes a different way to look at alternative energy sources, which have so far been little demand because of its high cost.

State budget for 2007 is assumed to provide for expenditure on energy saving measures. The numbers they are still unclear, but many believe they must be tangible. Thus, the Association of Ukrainian Cities insists that the figure was 10.5 %.


Actually, that cheap gas - a temporary phenomenon, experts have long warned. As well as the fact that now any technology should only be considered from the perspective of harmonious coexistence with the environment.

The cost of solar water heating collectors in Ukraine today 100-170 dollars. per square meter. They are designed problematic institution unconventional energy technologies and engineering and are available at a number of factories in our country.

The cost of imported high-performance collectors represented in our market - 250-400 dollars. per square. m or more. Recoupment of the equipment is 6-7 years. For the realization of the main objectives of energy conservation in the municipal area of Ukraine is required 2-2.5 billion. euro. For retrofitting of housing and communal services will require ten times more.

Despite the fact that over the last decade, the cost of high-performance collectors has decreased by 2 or more times, and their productivity has increased, this energy is still much more expensive than traditional sources. But, given the rise in gas prices, its limited resources, the negative impact on the environment, to abandon this type of energy is hardly useful.

The only possible way here - to achieve cost reduction due to growth in production and application of scientific, technical and technological developments.

The world market of solar water heating systems are now the main trend - the improvement and standardization of design characteristics that place large-scale release is provided, a guaranteed steady increase in production.

In 2000, the world's employed about 60 million. square. meters of solar collectors; to 2010 is expected to increase their total area up to 300 million. square. m. Thus, the average annual increase in generating capacity in the energy sector accounts for over 20 %.
Simultaneously, work is underway to improve the efficiency and implementation of new solutions, including how to combine them with heat pumps and use of new materials, selective coatings, etc.

According to the Technical University ... If you appreciate all the solar energy that our planet receives in one year, it will be 1018 kW / h, which is about 10 times the energy of all proven and undiscovered fossil fuels, including fissile material.

Solar energy is available at each point of the planet, differing in the radiation flux density at no more than twice. Therefore, it is attractive to all countries, responding to their interests in the aspect of energy independence. In this sense, ' a portrait of Sun ' Ukraine - among the blessed from the standpoint of the prospects for economic recovery of practical use of this type of energy. The level of solar radiation in this country is very high and amounts to 3.46 billion megawatt-hours annually, the highest rate of sunshine hours per year 2300-2400, belongs to the Crimea and the coast of the Black and Azov Seas. In the steppe zone of Ukraine duration of sunshine is 2000 - 2200 hours in the direction of Polesie and to the east of the country of sunshine duration is reduced to 1740 - 1840 hours in the lowlands of the Transcarpathian region, it reaches 2025 hours per year.

As can be seen from this description, geliosituatsiya within Ukraine is heterogeneity, based on which one can expect that the introduction of solar power units, as long as it ' will be on stream ', will cover the country is gradually. This is consistent with the market principle: it all begins where it is most advantageous.

The absence of this makes the question about the prospects of solar energy in Ukraine is simply pointless conversation, and it is possible that a solution to this problem the development of the energy sector will spore and powerfully - in accord with the huge opportunities that are richly endowed nature of the Creator and the Ukraine.

In 1967,. Paul Ehrlich. derived a formula impact of humanity on the environment. The main factors that it takes into account, - population, consumption and technology. They, in turn, includes a huge number of complex systems that exist in the interaction.

In 1987 the Brundtland Commission recommended that the international community a way of not calling into question the ability of future generations to meet their natural needs and aspirations. In full agreement with this, in 1996 a group of prominent architects from the UK, Austria, Germany, Greece and several other countries, developed European Charter for Solar Energy in Architecture and Construction.
Currently, the most active solar energy use in England and Germany. Especially, it is popular in the southern countries - Israel, Turkey and others. One of the conditions for entry into any country in the European community is an increase in the share of alternative sources of energy balance in its. So, for 2010, believed in the European Union, the member countries should be at least 12% of the sources of the total domestic energy consumption. Now, in fact, reached the level of 8%. It is important to stress that the lack of dramatic progress in this respect would be a significant obstacle to the entry of Ukraine into the European Union.

In 1976, on behalf of KievZNIIEP Gosgrazhdanstroya began work on the development and implementation of solar collectors in Ukraine. Complex was carried out the necessary studies, technical documentation, manufactured and tested prototypes, built dozens of pilot sites. Particularly promising for the development of solar energy are, naturally, the southern, sunny region of Ukraine, and among them, Crimea.

In 1994 the Institute was founded Problem innovative energy technologies and engineering, one of the activities which led to the development of regulatory guidance documents and standards related to the use of solar energy.
Since that time, in particular, produced ' Manual for the use of solar energy for heating and air conditioning ', ' technical solutions and recommendations for the design, installation and operation of solar installations teplohladosnabzheniya for residential and public buildings ', the State Standard of Ukraine ' Energy. Alternative and Renewable Energy. solar Collectors. Test methods ' and a number of other regulations. The Institute develops DBN ' Equipment residential and public buildings solar heating systems. Design, installation, operation '. In our country there is a Ukrainian association of solar heating, which became a member of the European Solar Industry Federation. Maintained working relationships with a number of related international organizations, our representatives are involved in a specialized school - UNESCO seminar on alternative energy. legislation.

In 1997, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine adopted a ' program of state support for the development of alternative energy sources and small hydro and thermal power '. However, experts note that, as before, and today it is almost done. Most geliotehnicheskih plants were built during the Soviet era. The share of renewable energy in Ukraine is negligible.

In 2003, the Law of Ukraine ... In Art. 8 of this document provides a source of financing for development of solar energy, namely, the establishment of a trust fund under the wholesale tariffs for heat and electricity due to the introduction of the special allowance. But here, the financial mechanism to be developed and submitted for approval by the Verkhovna Rada.

To effectively address the problems in this area are urgently needed at least four laws: ...

In no other country that has achieved real success in the development of alternative energy technologies, it was not slated to chance. Everywhere there was public support. It is only with increasing volumes of production and introduction of equipment cost geliotehnicheskogo received energy is significantly reduced. Countries in which the use of solar power plants has become a mass phenomenon, came to this for many years. Today in Europe the highest rates of use of solar collectors are not in the southern countries, and where the highest environmental standards, where the government support.

Such, in outline, the current state and prospects of solar energy in Ukraine. The fact that he has a great future, no doubt: this energy - clean power, which allows to use it in ever-increasing scale without any negative impact on the environment. It is, moreover, virtually inexhaustible source of energy, which will be available to people and millions of years.

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